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- #University of cincinnati data analysis methods full#
- #University of cincinnati data analysis methods software#
Recent meta‐analyses and one mega‐analysis of DTI studies in SCZ, BD, and MDD found that decreased FA in the genu and body of the corpus callosum (CC), suggesting decreased prefrontal interhemispheric structural connectivity, was a common white matter abnormality across three disorders, especially to SCZ and BD (Dong et al., 2018 Koshiyama et al., 2020 Wise et al., 2016). Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a measure that reflects the integrity of axonal fibers, and its reduction may reflect a decrease in myelination or in axonal organization (Assaf & Pasternak, 2008). DTI allows the quantification of the in vivo axonal diffusion of water molecules, reflecting the organization of white matter tracts in the brain (Neil, 2008). White matter abnormalities which can be characterized using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are also highly heritable (Bertisch, Li, Hoptman, & DeLisi, 2010 van der Schot et al., 2009). The identification of such transdiagnostic and diagnostic‐specific biosignatures underlying psychopathology of different psychiatric disorders may help to improve disease models, diagnostic accuracy, or preventative strategies (Caspi et al., 2014 Goodkind et al., 2015 McGorry & Nelson, 2016). From the neuroimaging perspective, one of our previous studies reported decreased gray matter volumes in the right cerebellum across relatives of patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD, suggesting that this brain abnormality was a shared risk structural marker for these conditions, while regional gray matter abnormalities found in neocortex, thalamus, and striatum appeared to be disorder‐specific (Zhang et al., 2020). These findings suggest that psychiatric disorders share common genetic neurobiological pathways that lead to disease besides those that are disease‐specific. For instance, offspring of parents with SCZ have an increased risk for developing not only SCZ, but also BD or MDD compared with control offspring (Rasic, Hajek, Alda, & Uher, 2014). Studies in adults suggested that the increased familial risk for severe mental disorders among relatives of patients with major psychiatric disorders is also increased for disorders other than the one present in the proband (Dean et al., 2010). Major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) have a strong familial aggregation, largely due to genetic transmission (Ament et al., 2015 Howard et al., 2019 Ripke et al., 2014). The white matter abnormalities in the left ILF might represent a specific familial risk for bipolar disorder.
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The present study showed decreased FA in the genu and splenium of CC in relatives of SCZ, BD, and MDD patients, which might represent a shared familial vulnerability marker of severe mental illness. In disorder‐specific analysis, compared to HC, relatives of SCZ patients exhibited the same changes while those of BD showed reduced FA in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF).
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This finding was found highly replicable in jack‐knife analysis and subgroup analyses. The overall relatives exhibited decreased FA in the genu and splenium of corpus callosum (CC) compared with HC. A total of 1,144 relatives and 1,238 HC were included in the meta‐analysis.
#University of cincinnati data analysis methods full#
Our search identified 25 studies that met full inclusion criteria.
#University of cincinnati data analysis methods software#
Seed‐based d Mapping software was used to investigate global differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) between overall and disorder‐specific relatives and healthy controls (HC). A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify DTI studies in relatives of SCZ, BD, and MDD patients. We carried out a meta‐analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies to investigate white matter microstructure abnormalities in relatives that might correspond to shared and discrete biomarkers of familial risk for psychotic or mood disorders. Transdiagnostic and disorder‐specific brain changes associated with familial risk for developing these disorders remain poorly understood. Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are heritable conditions with overlapping genetic liability.